Monopropellants[1] are propellants consisting of chemicals that release energy through exothermic chemical decomposition. The molecular bond energy of the monopropellant is released usually through use of a catalyst. This can be contrasted with bipropellants that release energy through the chemical reaction between an oxidizer and a fuel.

A monopropellant rocket (or "monochemical rocket") is a rocket that uses a single chemical as its propellant. [1] Monopropellant rockets are commonly used as small attitude and trajectory control rockets in satellites, rocket upper stages, crewed spacecraft, and spaceplanes.

A monopropellant is a chemical propulsion fuel which does not require a separate oxidizer. A rocket engine which is based on a monopropellant requires only one fuel line instead of a fuel and an oxidizer line. The "mono" in monopropellant means singular--a fuel that can function alone.

Apr 17, 2023 · Liquid propulsion systems are typically either a monopropellant (a single propellant fluid) or a bi-propellant (two fluids, a fuel and an oxidizer). The propellants may be stored and fed from high-pressure fuel tanks (pressure-fed) or use turbopumps to move the propellant to the engine (pump-fed).

Monopropellants are defined as composite-type propellants that consist of high-energy or high-density solid ingredients suspended in liquid vehicles, such as slurry or gels, for propulsion systems. You might find these chapters and articles relevant to this topic.

We start by reviewing the fundamentals of hydrazine monopropellant propulsion. Hydrazine was first isolated by Curtius in 1887, and in 1907 a suitable synthetic method was developed by Raschig. Anhydrous hydrazine is a clear, colorless, hygroscopic liquid with …

Monopropellant is a type of rocket propellant that uses a single chemical substance as both fuel and oxidizer. This substance is usually a highly reactive compound, such as hydrazine, that decomposes exothermically to produce hot gases.

Oct 17, 2023 · Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) based ‘green’ monopropellants offer superior performance and have potential to replace the currently used monopropellants based on toxic hydrazine with an added advantage of 15% higher specific impulse.

The highest specific impulse chemical rockets use liquid propellants (liquid-propellant rockets).They can consist of a single chemical (a monopropellant) or a mix of two chemicals, called bipropellants.Bipropellants can further be divided into two categories; hypergolic propellants, which ignite when the fuel and oxidizer make contact, and non-hypergolic …

Jan 4, 2024 · ABSTRACT Aerojet Rocketdyne has discovered a new class of enhanced-performance hydrazine blended monopropellants with 100- to 1000-fold reduced vapor pressure compared to neat hydrazine.