The 2013 recipe for black smoke consists of a mix of potassium perchlorate, anthracene and sulfur. In this reaction, potassium perchlorate is the oxygen-rich oxidizer, a role it frequently serves ...

In 2013, former Vatican spokesperson Federico Lombardi revealed that the cardinals added cartridges containing potassium perchlorate, anthracene — a component of coal tar — and sulfur to the ...

Black smoke is made by burning potassium perchlorate, anthracene, and sulphur, mimicking the effect of old-fashioned gunpowder but with a modern twist.

The white smoke is produced by mixing potassium chlorate (a similar compound to potassium perchlorate, used in fireworks and smoke bombs), lactose (the sugar found in cow’s milk), ...

For black smoke, the Vatican uses a mixture of potassium perchlorate, anthracene, and sulphur. The white smoke used to signal that a Pope has been chosen is created from potassium chlorate ...

During last conclave in 2013, which ended with the election of Francis, the black smoke was a mixture of potassium perchlorate, anthracene (a component of coal tar) and sulfur.

During last conclave in 2013, which ended in the election of Pope Francis, the black smoke was a mixture of potassium perchlorate, anthracene (a component of coal tar) and sulfur.

But if there is a winner, the burning ballots are mixed with potassium chlorate, lactose and chloroform resin to produce the white smoke.The white smoke came out of the chimney on the fifth ballot ...

If no pope is chosen, the ballots are mixed with cartridges containing potassium perchlorate, anthracene (a component of coal tar) and sulfur to produce black smoke.

Vatican accelerates conclave preparations with Sistine Chapel chimney installation, reflecting on Pope Francis' legacy and reforms shaping the Catholic Church's future.

Potassium chlorate includes one fewer atom of oxygen per molecule than the potassium perchlorate used in black smoke and is an even stronger oxidizer—so strong it’s dangerous to use with ...