A sparking “acceleration tube,” which maintains a vacuum around the ion beam, proved the biggest problem for the $8 million machine. The tube had to be redesigned and replaced in 1987, costing the ...

The acceleration of charged particles to ultra ... The two approaches — laser wakefield and ion beam accelerators — promise reductions of many orders of magnitude in size, cost and complexity ...

A wide range of materials may be sputter cleaned or depth profiled without chemical damage of the surface using a combination of cluster size and acceleration voltage. The ion source can be used ...