Complex neural circuits likely arose independently in birds and mammals, suggesting that vertebrates evolved intelligence ...

A new suggestion that complexity increases over time, not just in living organisms but in the nonliving world, promises to ...

When pigeons outnumber pigeonholes, some birds must double up. This obvious statement — and its inverse — have deep ...

A popular hypothesis for how the brain clears molecular waste, which may help explain why sleep feels refreshing, is a ...

Randomness is essential to some research, but it’s always been prohibitively complicated to achieve. Now, we can use ...

A powerful mathematical technique is used to model melting ice and other phenomena. But it has long been imperiled by certain “nightmare scenarios.” A new proof has removed that obstacle. Imagine an ...

Randomness is essential to some research, but it’s always been prohibitively complicated. Now, we can use “pseudorandomness” instead. Webb Wright is a journalist based in Brooklyn, New York, who ...