A week on, and a team at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Virginia has just released first-of-its-kind footage of a lunar lander’s powerful engine plumes interacting with the moon’s surface, captured ...

Rocket exhaust plume at 30 km as obtained by high-resolution computational fluid dynamics simulations. Temperature varies from 680 K (dark yellow) to 2,400 K (bright yellow). Journalists may use ...

the ion plume is pretty sparse. The impulse generated is not as immediately forceful as a chemical rocket, but ion engines require less fuel and therefore less mass, which reduces launch costs ...

In space, it produces a high expansion ratio, while in the air it generates a stable plume expansion that ... the design of the engines and the rocket they're meant to power allows for easy ...