The proton gradients that power respiration are as universal as the genetic code itself, giving an insight into the origin of life and the singular origin of complexity. Why do virtually all cells ...

View Full Profile. Learn about our Editorial Policies. Although the molecular machines that power ATP synthesis via trans-membrane proton gradients are well known, how the gradient is created in the ...

A study conducted by researchers from the University of São Paulo sheds light on new discoveries about the mechanisms of ...

This mechanism links the gradual oxidation of electron donors in the electron transport chain to the pumping of protons through the membrane, generating the electrochemical gradient required for ...

This mechanism links the gradual oxidation of electron donors in the electron transport chain to the pumping of protons through the membrane, generating the electrochemical gradient required for ...