In the first image from November 2022, the underwater mud volcano is solidly beneath sea level, with no discernable land peeking out from the water. But following an eruption in early 2023 ...

A detailed investigation of a wooden shipwreck discovered off the Mazandaran coast in southern Iran shed light on maritime trade in the Caspian Sea ... in Italy and the Underwater Archaeology ...

But the reality is land is always changing — perhaps nowhere more so than at the Kumani Bank mud volcano, also known as Chigil-Deniz, some 15 miles (25 km) off the coast of Azerbaijan in the Caspian .